rust: upgrade supported Rust toolchain version and cascade upgrades
A few months ago¹, a decision was made to move the Rust toolchain target to whatever Debian Testing was tracking. I didn't have the bandwidth to act on it until now.
This is starting to be even more problematic than before, now that edition 2021 is out.
The CI has been updated to track the current Debian testing version, 1.61.0.
[1] https://lists.mercurial-scm.org/pipermail/mercurial-packaging/2022-April/000338.html